Josh References Glossary A

A record
See DNS record types, A record.

AAL
See ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL).

AARP
See AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP).

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
The OSI language for describing abstract syntax, which is a description of data structures independent of machine orientation.

Access Control List (ACL)
Defines the roles that are required to execute a method. Defines the user or group IDs of people who do (or do not) have explicit access to a file or directory.

ACL
See Access Control List (ACL).

adapter
See Basic Object Adapter (BOA).

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM)
A way to reduce the bandwidth needed by digitized voice channels by half (to 32 Kb from 64 Kb).

address
See mail address, network address.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
An ethernet protocol used to translate IP network addresses into ethernet hardware addresses (also known as Media Access Control (MAC) addresses).

ADE
See Advanced Development Environment (ADE).

adjacent hosts
Two hosts are adjacent if they have permanent ARP entries for each other.

administrator
In the context of Tivoli, a user who is authorized to perform some TME function. See also system administrator.

ADPCM
See Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM).

ADSL
See Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL).

Advanced Development Environment (ADE)
A toolkit for programmers to use in developing systems management applications in the TME. This requires knowledge of how the underlying object system works.

Advanced Technology Adapter (ATA)
Another name for Integrated Disk Electronics (IDE).

AEF
See Application Extension Facility (AEF).

AFS
See Andrew File System (AFS).

alias
A pointer to one or more users or hosts, typically used for sending mail (in the case of users) or logging in remotely (in the case of hosts). See also group alias, host alias, individual alias.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
The organization responsible for setting computer-related standards in the United States of America.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
The character set used by most American computers. Supersets of ASCII contain non-English characters.

Andrew File System (AFS)
A specific instance of a distributed file system (DFS), developed at Carnegie-Mellon University (CMU), allowing multiple file systems to be shared between organizations and treated, at the user interface level, as one giant file system.
ANSI
See American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

anycast
A one packet to one from a list of hosts; similar to a broadcast or multicast but the goal is to have exactly one response. See also broadcast, multicast, unicast.

API
See Application Programmer Interface (API).

AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)
Provides for the dynamic assignment of node identifiers to nodes within an AppleTalk network.

application
See utility.

Application Extension Facility (AEF)
A tool kit for systems administrators to use in customizing a TME application to specific needs. This does not require any knowledge of how the underlying object system works.

Application Programmer Interface (API)
A programming specification that allows an application programmer to interface to an application or suite of applications.

ARD
See Automatic Ring Down (ARD).

ARP
See Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

article
The base component of USENET news; a group of text written and posted to a network news group.

ASCII
See American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).

ASN.1
See Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).

Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
An asymmetric high-speed digital network connection, usually between a home or small business and a telecommunications vendor, providing an always-up direct connection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The upstream (from the user to the ISP) and downstream (from the ISP to the user) speeds are dissimilar, and usually the latter is faster than the former. See also Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL).

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
A standardized format for cell relay, with 53-byte cells including a five byte header and 48 bytes of data. Also, the layer in the protocol stack that translates the cells to the physical media.

ATA
See Advanced Technology Adapter (ATA).

ATM
See Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).

ATM Adaptation Layer
The layer in the ATM protocols that represents layers four through seven in the OSI seven layer protocol stack. The protocol that turns packets into cells.

ATM Forum
A group of organizations responsible for determining the ATM standards and its progress within the industry.

attachment
A file included as part of a MIME-compliant or NeXTMail message. An attachment can be sound, graphics, a document file (with text, formatting, and/or graphics), motion pictures, and so on.

audit trail
A file or database that contains a list of changes made to a specific file. The information includes the name of the file, the date and time of the change, the person making the change, and the text of the change itself.

authentication
Verification of the identity of a principal.

authoritative
A DNS server with all the records for a given domain. (Note that the authorization may not have been granted or delegated to the DNS server.)

authority
The group responsible for administering a DNS domain.

authorization
Verification that a principal has sufficient privilege to perform some specific operation.

Automatic Ring Down (ARD)
A dedicated point-to-point voice facility between two offices of a trading facility. When the sender picks up the telephone handset, automatically ring the receiver's end for direct connections, without the need to dial.